Key Takeaways
- The Federal Reserve held its key interest rate steady, as widely expected.
- Fed officials are keeping rates high to reduce inflation, which is still above the Fed’s target of 2% annual rate.
- Fed Chair Jerome Powell and other members of the central bank’s policy committee have said they’re concerned President Donald Trump’s tariffs could push up prices and stoke inflation.
- The Fed has resisted pressure from Trump to cut rates.
The Federal Reserve held its key interest rate steady Wednesday, defying demands from President Donald Trump to slash borrowing costs.
The Fed’s policy committee voted to keep the central bank’s key fed funds rate in a range of 4.25% to 4.5%, the same since December, in an effort to push down inflation. Two members of the 12-person committee, Fed Governors Michelle Bowman and Christopher Waller, dissented and voted to cut rates by 0.25 percentage points. Financial market participants widely expected the rate decision.
Fed Chair Jerome Powell and other Federal Open Market Committee members have resisted increasing pressure from Trump to cut rates. Trump has hurled insults, threats, and demands at Powell and accused him of mismanaging a renovation project at the Fed’s Washington headquarters. Trump has said he wants lower interest rates to reduce the interest the federal government pays on the national debt.
Fed officials have said they’re holding the rate steady at a higher-than-usual level to raise borrowing costs on all kinds of loans and bring inflation down to the Fed’s goal of a 2% annual rate. They have also voiced concerns that Trump’s tariffs will increase inflation as the costs of the import taxes are passed along to consumers.
“Although swings in net exports continue to affect the data, recent indicators suggest that growth of economic activity moderated in the first half of the year,” the committee said in a statement. “The unemployment rate remains low, and labor market conditions remain solid. Inflation remains somewhat elevated.”
Fed officials are widely expected to cut borrowing costs later in the year, with financial markets pricing in a 58% chance of a September rate cut according to the CME Group’s FedWatch tool, which forecasts rate movements based on fed funds futures trading data.
The Fed faces a balancing act on its monetary policy: rates too low could stoke inflation, while high borrowing costs could slow the economy too much and cause mass layoffs.
Trump’s extensive campaign of raising import taxes has raised concerns on both sides of the Fed’s “dual mandate” from Congress to keep inflation low and employment high. So far, the economy has avoided a severe uptick in prices and mass layoffs, though recent data show some tariff-related price hikes are taking hold and the economy is starting to slow down.
Update, July 30, 2025—This story has been updated after initial publication to add a quote from the Federal Open Market Committee.