The S&P 500 (^GSPC +0.11%) is a powerhouse index that tracks 500 of the largest U.S.-based companies. S&P 500 index funds and exchange-traded funds (ETFs) aim to mirror the index’s performance over time, providing diversified exposure to the large-cap market.
Historically, S&P 500 funds have been on the safer side when it comes to investing in the stock market. While that hasn’t necessarily changed, they now carry more risk than they did in the past for one specific reason.
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The hidden risk of the S&P 500 index fund
Traditionally, S&P 500-tracking funds are market-cap-weighted investments, meaning larger companies are weighted more heavily. In theory, this should help mitigate risk. Larger companies tend to be more established than smaller corporations, providing greater stability.
Over the last couple of decades, however, the S&P 500 has become increasingly dominated by tech stocks. In fact, the “Magnificent Seven” — which includes Nvidia, Apple, Microsoft, Amazon, Alphabet, Meta Platforms, and Tesla — collectively make up around one-third of the S&P 500’s value. Just 10 years ago, these stocks accounted for only about 12% of the S&P 500.
Tech stocks are especially vulnerable to volatility and often face steeper drawdowns than stocks in more mature industries. This means that S&P 500 index funds may experience increased turbulence now than they would have a decade ago under similar circumstances.
To be clear, this isn’t necessarily a bad thing all around. The S&P 500’s heavy tilt toward tech has also resulted in staggering growth in recent years. But if you’re investing in an S&P 500-tracking fund because of the safety and stability it can provide during periods of volatility, your investment may be hit harder than expected.
A potentially safer alternative
If you’re looking for exposure to the S&P 500, with less tech-centric risk, an equal-weight S&P 500 fund may be a smart choice right now.
The Invesco S&P 500 Equal Weight ETF (RSP +0.29%), for example, holds stocks from all the companies within the S&P 500. However, rather than weighting them by market cap, each stock makes up roughly the same percentage of the fund.
The advantage of this type of investment is that well-established companies from stable industries carry the same weight as volatile tech giants, reducing the chances that turbulent companies will significantly sway the fund’s performance. The downside, though, is that underperforming stocks also carry the same weight as the fast-growing superstars.
RSP Total Return Level data by YCharts.
Over the last 10 years, the Invesco ETF has underperformed the S&P 500 in total returns. The upside, though, is that the equal-weight fund has experienced smaller drawdowns during periods of volatility — such as the bear market throughout 2022.
RSP Total Return Level data by YCharts.
A traditional market-cap-weighted S&P 500 index fund or ETF can still be a strong investment, especially if you can afford to stay in the market for at least five to 10 years and ride out any potential volatility.
That said, if a recession or bear market is on the horizon, an equal-weight fund may fare better due to its smaller emphasis on tech stocks.